畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (11): 1815-1823.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2014.11.011

• 动物营养 • 上一篇    下一篇

日粮能量水平对断奶犊牛生长性能及营养物质消化代谢的影响

崔祥1,刁其玉1,张乃锋1,邱国梁2,刘策1,曾书秦1,屠焰1*   

  1. (1.中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京 100081;2.中国农业科学院成果转化局,北京 100081)
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-21 出版日期:2014-11-23 发布日期:2014-11-23
  • 通讯作者: 屠焰,研究员,硕士生导师,Tel:010-82106090,E-mail:tuyan@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:崔祥(1988-),男,山东泰安人,硕士生,主要从事反刍动物饲料与营养研究,E-mail: cuixiang8805@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    奶牛产业技术体系北京市创新团队;“十二五“国家科技支撑计划”(2012BAD12B06)

Effects of Dietary Energy Levels on Growth Performance,Digestion and Metabolism of Nutrients of Weaned Heifers

CUI Xiang1,DIAO Qi-yu1,ZHANG Nai-feng1,QIU Guo-liang2,LIU Ce1,ZENG Shu-qin1,TU Yan1*   

  1. (1.Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;2.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Achievements Conversion Board,Beijing 100081,China)
  • Received:2014-03-21 Online:2014-11-23 Published:2014-11-23

摘要:

旨在研究日粮能量水平对断奶犊牛的生长性能及营养物质消化代谢规律的影响。选取32头98日龄断奶荷斯坦母犊牛,随机分为4个处理组(A、B、C和D),每组8头,对应饲喂产奶净能(NEL)分别为6.24、7.04、7.53和7.85 MJ•kg-1的4种日粮。试验期89 d。饲养试验测定犊牛体重和采食量,血糖、尿素氮和甘油三酯含量。151~157和181~187日龄,分别每组随机选取4头犊牛进行2期消化代谢试验,采集样品,测定表观消化率、能量及氮的利用率。结果表明:150~180日龄,4组犊牛平均日增重(ADG)分别为0.77、0.91、0.86和1.11 kg•d-1,D组显著高于A组(P<0.05)。随日粮NEL的增加,180日龄犊牛的体重呈增长趋势(P<0.10),总能表观消化率呈先升高后降低的趋势(P<0.10)。NEL水平显著影响日粮干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的表观消化率、消化能及代谢能值(P<0.05);180日龄,犊牛氮沉积量、沉积氮/食入氮和沉积氮/消化氮随日粮NEL的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势(P<0.10),C组数值达到最高。综上,就犊牛整体营养平衡和消化代谢水平而言,断奶犊牛日粮NEL以7.53 MJ•kg-1为宜。

Abstract:

The current study was performed to investigate the effects of different energy levels on nutrients digestion and metabolism of weaned heifers.Thirty-two Holstein heifers aged 98 days were divided into 4 groups (A,B,C and D),each with 8 heifers,and was fed with a diet which the net energy for lactation (NEL) was 6.24,7.04,7.53 or 7.85 MJ•kg-1 for 89 days,respectively.The weight,feed intake and glucose,urea nitrogen,and triglyceride content of serum were measured.Two digestion and metabolism trails were conducted at 151-157 and 181-187 day-old,respectively.Four heifers were randomly selected from each group,feces and urine were collected and the apparent digestibility,utilization rate of energy and nitrogen were measured.The results showed that:the average daily gain of heifers in 4 groups at aged 150-180 days were 0.77,0.91,0.86 and 1.11 kg•d-1,respectively,the value of group D was significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.05).Body weight of heifers aged 180 days had an increasing trend with the amount of dietary NEL increasing (P<0.10);the apparent digestibility of gross energy increased before decreased (P<0.10).The NEL level had significant effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber,digestible energy and metabolic energy (P<0.05);When heifers aged 180 days,the ratio of retained nitrogen/nitrogen intake and retained nitrogen/nitrogen digestion increased first and decreased later with dietary NEL increasing(P<0.10),and the value of group C reached the peak.In conclusion,as for the overall nutrition balance of heifers and digestion and metabolism levels,the optimum dietary NEL of heifers is 7.53 MJ•kg-1.

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